People & Organizations Application Profile

Purpose

To document how various facets of LINCS data are modelled, along with reference authorities for the populating vocabularies. This will provide a basis for instruction for how to model data in a LINCS-compatible manner, as well as aid in navigation and discovery.

“People and Organizations” describes patterns that are unique or specific to representing information about persons and groups of persons.

This document introduces the concepts as used by LINCS, and are not complete definitions of the CIDOC CRM ontology class or property concepts. Consult CIDOC CRM v. 7.1.1 documentation for full class descriptions and property descriptions.

Acronyms

Ontology Acronyms:

Vocabulary and Authority Acronyms:

Biography - The LINCS Biography Vocabulary
Context - The LINCS Context Vocabulary
Event - The LINCS Event Vocabulary
Identity - The LINCS Identity Vocabulary
LINCS - LINCS minted entities
Occupation - The LINCS Occupation Vocabulary
Persrel - The LINCS Personal Relations Vocabulary
Wikidata - Wikimedia Knowledge Base

Main Classes

Entity type	Class	Declaration Snippet (TTL)
Actor	crm:E39_Actor	`<actor> a crm:E39_Actor ; rdfs:label "<actor_name>" .`
Person	crm:E21_Person	`<person> a crm:E21_Person ; rdfs:label "<person_name>" .`
Group	crm:E74_Group	`<group> a crm:E74_Group ; rdfs:label "<group_name>" .`
Name	crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation	`<name> a crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation ; rdfs:label "<name>".`
Contact points	crm:E41_Appellation	`<contact_point> a crm:E41_Appellation ; rdfs:label "<contact_point_descriptor>" .`
Activity	crm:E7_Activity	`<activity> a crm:E7_Activity ; rdfs:label "<activity_descriptor>".`
Birth	crm:E67_Birth	`<birth_event> a crm:E67_Birth ; rdfs:label "Birth event of <actor_name>" .`
Death	crm:E69_Death	`<death_event> a crm:E69_Death ; rdfs:label "Death event of <actor_name>" .`
Occupation	frbroo:F51_Pursuit	`<occupation_activity> a frbroo:F51_Pursuit ; rdfs:label "<occupation_type> occupation of <person>" .`
Identities	crm:E89_Propositional_Object, crm:E55_Type	`<identity_term> a crm:E89_Propositional_Object, crm:E55_Type ; rdfs:label "<identity term label>" .`
Group Formation	crm:E66_Formation	`<group_formation> a crm:E66_Formation ; rdfs:label "Formation of <group>" .`

Overview Diagram

Below is an image of the application profile overview diagram. Follow this link for a zoomable, more readable version. The segments below align with the document sections.

Nodes

Actors

CIDOC CRM contains three classes for representing people or groups of people: E39_Actor, E21_Person, and E74_Group. E39_Actor, the superclass of the other two, should only be used in cases where it is not possible to state if the entity is one or more persons. This use should be extremely minimal. Otherwise, if the entity is a single person the class E21_Person should be used; if it is more than one person—such as an artist collective or organization like a business or a company—then E74_Group should be used.

Names

For more on identifiers, see the Identifiers section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

For how names are made of up parts (such as a full name having a first and last name), see the Identifiers section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

Different types of names are differentiated by the P2_has_type → E55_Type pattern associated with them. For more on this, see the Types section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile. For example:

Personal name: http://id.lincsproject.ca/biography/personalName
Preferred name: http://id.lincsproject.ca/biography/preferredName
Pseudonym: http://id.lincsproject.ca/biography/pseudonym
First name: http://id.lincsproject.ca/biography/forename
Last name: http://id.lincsproject.ca/biography/surname

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that an actor is identified by a name.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`crm:E39_Actor → crm:P1_is_identified_by → crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation → crm:P2_has_type → crm:E55_Type → crm:P190_has_symbolic_content → rdfs:Literal`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI); literal value (text)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS; literal value from project dataset
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable); rdfs:literal
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Yellow Nineties Personography states that Rosamund Marriott Watson was identified by the name Rosamund Thompson. `<y90s:marriott-watson-rosamund/> → crm:P1_is_identified_by → crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation → crm:P2_has_type → <biography:additionalName> → crm:P190_has_symbolic_content → “Thomson, Rosamund”`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	N/A
Resource Links		Brown, S., Cummings, J., Drudge-Willson, J., Faulkner, C., Lemak, A., Martin, K., Mo, A., Penancier, J., Simpson, J., Singh, G., Stacey, D., & Warren, R. (2020, July 14). The CWRC Ontology Specification 0.99.86. The Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory. https://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc.html#
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		Use at least one (1) E55_Type on each linguistic identifier specifying what it is (e.g., full name, first name, last name, etc.).
Projects Following This Pattern		AdArchive, Anthologia graeca, Canadian Centre for Ethnomusicology, MoEML Persons, Orlando Yellow Nineties Personography

Pattern in TTL:

<actor> a crm:E39_Actor ; 
    rdfs:label "<actor>" ; 
    crm:P1_is_identified_by <name>.

<name> a crm:E33_E41_Linguistic_Appellation ; 
    rdfs:label "<name>" ; 
    crm:P2_has_type <type> ;
    crm:P190_has_symbolic_content "<name>" .

<type> a crm:E55_Type ; 
    rdfs:label "<type" .

Contact Points

Different types of contact points are differentiated by the P2_has_type → E55_Type pattern associated with them. For more on this, see the Types section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile. For example:

Address: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q319608
Phone number: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q214995

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that an actor is associated with contact points (such as addresses and phone numbers).
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`crm:E39_Actor → crm:P74_has_current_or_former_residence → crm:E53_Place → crm:P1_is_identified_by → crm:E41_Appellation → crm:P190_has_symbolic_content → rdfs:literal → crm:P2_has_type → crm:E55_Type`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI); literal value (text)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS; literal value from project dataset
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable); rdfs:literal
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The AdArchive dataset states that the Women’s Caucus for Art resided at a place identified by the address “WCA, 731 - 44th Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94121.” `<wikidata:Q8030842> → crm:P74_has_current_or_former_residence → crm:E53_Place → crm:P1_is_identified_by → crm:E41_Appellation → crm:P190_has_symbolic_content → “WCA, 731 - 44th Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94121” → crm:P2_has_type → <wikidata:Q319608>`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	The address also serves as a direct contact point for the actor. `<wikidata:Q8030842> → crm:P76_has_contact_point → crm:E41_Appellation → crm:P190_has_symbolic_content → “WCA, 731 - 44th Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94121”`
Resource Links		The Wikimedia Foundation. (2021). Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org/
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		Use at least one (1) E55_Type on each linguistic identifier specifying what it is (e.g., full name, first name, last name, etc).
Projects Following This Pattern		AdArchive

Pattern in TTL:

<actor> a crm:E39_Actor ;
    rdfs:label "<actor>" ;
    crm:P74_has_current_or_former_residence <residence> ;
    crm:P76_has_contact_point <contact> . 

<residence> a crm:E53_Place ; 
    rdfs:label "<residence>" ; 
    crm:P1_is_identified_by <contact> .

<contact> a crm:E41_Appellation ;
    rdfs:label "<contact>" ;
    crm:P2_has_type <type> ; 
    crm:P190_has_symbolic_content "<contact>" .

<type> a crm:E55_Type ; 
    rdfs:label "<type>" .

Activities

For information about how to say that an actor was involved in or carried out an activity, see the Roles section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

Persons

Birth

A birth date adds temporal information to the birth event. For birthdate, see the Time-Spans of Activities section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

A birth place adds location information to the birth event. For birthplace, see the Location of Activities section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

Application profile birth

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a person was born.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	E21_Person → crm:P98i_was_born → crm:E67_Birth
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Orlando dataset states that Rosamund Marriort Watson was born. `cwrc_data:9e381429-5019-48dd-88fd-79e8b3f4825f → crm:P98i_was_born → lincs:kwgNbE4T0lz`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	N/A
Resource Links		Brown, S., Cummings, J., Drudge-Wilson, J., Faulkner, C., Lemak, A., Martin, K., Mo, A., Penancier, J., Simpson, J., Singh, G., Stacey, D., & Warren, R. (2020, July 14). The CWRC Ontology Specification 0.99.86. The Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory. https://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc.html#
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		N/A
Projects Following This Pattern		Anthologia graeca, Canadian Centre for Ethnomusicology, MoEML Persons, Orlando, Yellow Nineties Personography

Pattern in TTL:

<person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person>" ;
    crm:P98i_was_born <birth> .

<birth> a crm:E67_Birth ; 
    rdfs:label "birth event of <person>" .

Death

A death date adds temporal information to the death event. For deathdate, see the Time-Spans of Activities section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

A death place adds location information to the death event. For deathplace, see the Location of Activities section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

Application profile death

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a person died.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	crm:E21_Person → crm:P100i_died_in → crm:E69_Death
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Orlando dataset states that Louisa May Alcott died. `data:Alcott_Louisa_May → crm:P100i_died_in → data:alcolo_DeathEvent_0`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	N/A
Resource Links		Brown, S., Cummings, J., Drudge-Wilson, J., Faulkner, C., Lemak, A., Martin, K., Mo, A., Penancier, J., Simpson, J., Singh, G., Stacey, D., & Warren, R. (2020, July 14). The CWRC Ontology Specification 0.99.86. The Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory. https://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc.html#
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		N/A
Projects Following This Pattern		Anthologia graeca, Canadian Centre for Ethnomusicology, MoEML Persons, Orlando, Yellow Nineties Personography

Pattern in TTL:

<person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person>" ;
    crm:P100i_died_in <death> .

<death> a crm:E69_Death ; 
    rdfs:label "death event of <person>" .

Cause of Death

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a person died because of or in connection to a relevant factor.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`crm:E21_Person → crm:P100i_died_in → crm:E69_Death → crm:P140i_was_attributed_by → crm:E13_Attribute_Assignment → crm:P141_assigned → crm:E55_Type`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Orlando dataset states that Jennifer Dawson died of cancer. `data:Dawson_Jennifer → crm:P100i_died_in → crm:E69_Death → crm:P140i_was_attributed_by → crm:E13_Attribute_Assignment → crm:P141_assigned → <cwrc_ii:cancer>`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	N/A
Resource Links		Brown, S., Cummings, J., Drudge-Wilson, J., Faulkner, C., Lemak, A., Martin, K., Mo, A., Penancier, J., Simpson, J., Singh, G., Stacey, D., & Warren, R. (2020, July 14). The CWRC Ontology Specification 0.99.86. The Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory. https://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc.html#
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		The attribute assignment pattern connected to the death event often references the CWRC Injury & Illness (ii:) Vocabulary.
Projects Following This Pattern		Orlando

Pattern in TTL:

<person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person>" ;
    crm:P100i_died_in <death> .

<death> a crm:E69_Death ; 
    rdfs:label "death event of <person>" ;
    crm:P140i_was_attributed_by <attribution> .

<attribution> a crm:E13_Attribute_Assignment ; 
    rdfs:label "cause of death event of <person>" ;
    crm:P141_assigned <cause> . 

<cause> a crm:E55_Type ; 
    rdfs:label "<cause>" .

Activities

Educational Activities

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a person engaged in educational activities.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`crm:E21_Person → crm:P02i_is_range_of → crm:PC14_carried_out_by` `(→ crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of → crm occupation:student) → crm:P01_has_domain → crm:E7_Activity (→ crm:P2_has_type → crm event:EducationEvent) → crm:P14_carried_out_by → crm:E74_Group (→ crm:P2_has_type → crm:E55_Type [biography:educationalOrganization]) → rdfs:label → rdfs:Literal`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI); literal value (text)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS; literal value from project dataset
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable); rdfs:literal
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Yellow Nineties Personography states that Patrick Geddes was educated at the Royal School of Mines. `<https://personography.1890s.ca/persons/geddes-patrick/> → crm:P02i_is_range_of → crm:PC14_carried_out_by` `(→ crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of → <occupation:student>) → crm:P01_has_domain → crm:E7_Activity (→ crm:P2_has_type → <event:EducationEvent>) → crm:P14_carried_out_by → <lincs:KoE46wAZrNy>` `(→ crm:P2_has_type → <biography:educationalOrganization>) → rdfs:label → “Royal School of Mines”`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	N/A
Resource Links		Brown, S., Cummings, J., Drudge-Wilson, J., Faulkner, C., Lemak, A., Martin, K., Mo, A., Penancier, J., Simpson, J., Singh, G., Stacey, D., & Warren, R. (2020, July 14). The CWRC Ontology Specification 0.99.86. The Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory. https://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc.html# The Wikimedia Foundation. (2021). Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org/
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		When using E7_Activity and not a more specific subclass, use at least one (1) E55_Type on each activity specifying what it is.
Projects Following This Pattern		Orlando, Yellow Nineties Personography

Pattern in TTL:

<person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person>" ; 
    crm:P02i_is_range_of <reified_P14> .

<reified_P14> a crm:PC14_carried_out_by ;
    rdfs:label "<actor> in the role of <role>" ;
    crm:P01_has_domain <activity> ; 
    crm:P14.1_in_the_role_Of <role> .

<activity> a crm:E7:Activity ; 
    rdfs:label "<activity>" ;
    crm:P14_carried_out_by <school> .

<school> a crm:E74_Group ;
    rdfs:label "<school>" . 

<role> a crm:E55:Type ; 
    rdfs:label "<role>" .

Professional Activities and Occupations

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a person engaged in professional occupations.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`crm:E21_Person → crm:P14i_performed → frbroo:F51_Pursuit → crm:P2_has_type → crm:E55_Type`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Yellow Nineties Personography states that Rosamund Marriott Watson held the occupation of “author.” `<y90s:marriott-watson-rosamund/> → crm:P14i_performed → frbroo:F51_Pursuit → crm:P2_has_type → <occupation:writer>`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	The Yellow Nineties Personography states that Walter Crane held the apprenticeship of “pictoral engraver.” `<Walter Crane> → crm:P02_is_range_of → crm:PC14_Carried_Out_By` `(→ crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of → <wikidata:Q253567>[“Apprentice”])` `→crm:P01_has_domain → frbroo:F51_Pursuit → crm:P2_has_type → <y90s:pictorial-engraver>`
Resource Links		Brown, S., Cummings, J., Drudge-Wilson, J., Faulkner, C., Lemak, A., Martin, K., Mo, A., Penancier, J., Simpson, J., Singh, G., Stacey, D., & Warren, R. (2020, July 14). The CWRC Ontology Specification 0.99.86. The Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory. https://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc.html# The Wikimedia Foundation. (2021). Wikidata. https://www.wikidata.org/
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		F51_Pursuit is a subclass of E7_Activity. Use F51_Pursuit when describing occupations related to the professional and creative activities of the person. Use E7_Activity to describe jobs held that are not necessarily related to the reason that the person is captured in the dataset. For example, Louisa May Alcott would have an E51_Pursuit as a writer, but been involved in the E7_Activity of nursing.
Projects Following This Pattern		Orlando, Yellow Nineties Personography

Pattern in TTL:

<person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person>" ; 
    crm:14i_performed <occupation>

<occupation> a frbroo:F51_Pursuit ;
    rdfs:label "<role> occupation of <person>” ; 
    crm:P2_has_type <role> .

<role> a crm:E55_Type ; 
    rdfs:label "<role>" .

Relationships

Parents & Children

Mother

Application profile mother

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a person is the mother of the person born in the birth event.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`E21_Person → crm:P98i_was_born → crm:E67_Birth → crm:P96_by_mother → E21_Person`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Orlando dataset states that Sylvia Ball is Rosamund Marriott Watson’s mother. `cwrc_data:9e381429-5019-48dd-88fd-79e8b3f4825f → crm:P98i_was_born → crm:E67_Birth → crm:P96_by_mother → cwrc_data:cfea70a8-022b-4f74-9cc9-e25b60e95e56`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	N/A
Resource Links		N/A
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		This is a full path for representing a child-parent relationship that can be shortcut using P152_has_parent if there is no desire to represent the birth event or specific motherhood.
Projects Following This Pattern		Orlando

Pattern in TTL:

<person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person>" ;
    crm:P98i_was_born <birth> .

<birth> a crm:E67_Birth ; 
    rdfs:label "birth event of <person>" ;
    crm:P96_by_mother <mother> .

<mother> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<mother>" .

Father

Application profile father

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a person is the father of the person born in the birth event.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`E21_Person → crm:P98i_was_born → crm:E67_Birth → crm:P97_from_father → E21_Person`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Orlando dataset states that Benjamin Williams Ball is Rosamund Marriott Watson’s mother. `cwrc_data:9e381429-5019-48dd-88fd-79e8b3f4825f → crm:P98i_was_born → crm:E67_Birth → crm:P97_from_father → cwrc_data:9066fe2d-8bf3-4db6-a75c-59d5cd74fb0d`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	N/A
Resource Links		N/A
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		This is a full path for representing a child-parent relationship that can be shortcut using P152_has_parent if there is no desire to represent the birth event or specific fatherhood.
Projects Following This Pattern		Orlando

Pattern in TTL:

<person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person>" ;
    crm:P98i_was_born <birth> .

<birth> a crm:E67_Birth ; 
    rdfs:label "birth event of <person>" ;
    crm:P97_from_father <father> .

<father> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<father>" .

Parent-Child Shortcut

This pattern declares the parentage of a person using a parent-child relationship shortcut. Parentage can also be declared in relation to the birth event.

Application profile parent-child shortcut

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a person has or is a parent.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`crm:E21_Person1 → crm:P152_has_parent → crm:E21_Person2 → crm:P152i_is_parent_of → crm:E21_Person1`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Yellow Nineties Personography declares that Walter Crane is the child of Thomas Crane , and inversely Thomas Crane is the parent of Walter Crane. `<y90s:3154> → crm:P152_has_parent → <y90s:3122> → crm:152i_is_parent_of → <y90s:3154>`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	N/A
Resource Links		N/A
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		N/A
Projects Following This Pattern		Yellow Nineties Personography

Pattern in TTL:

<Person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<name>" ;
    crm:P152_has_parent <Person2> .

<Person2> a crm:E21_Person ;
    rdfs:label "<name>" .

<Person2> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<name>" ;
    crm:P152i_is_parent_of <Person> .

<Person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<name>" .

Interpersonal Relationships

Relationships are structured as an activity that is performed by the participants in the relationship. This allows for spatiotemporal information to be included, such as the length of time for which the relationship held. This supports representation of different kinds of relationships that may evolve between people over a period of time.

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that there existed a relationship between two persons.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`crm:E21_Person1 → crm:P14i_performed → crm:E7_Activity → crm:P2_has_type → crm:P55_Type → crm:P14_carried_out_by → crm:E21_Person2`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Yellow Nineties Personography dataset declares that Rosamund Marriott Watson shared a friendship with William Sharp. `<y90s:marriott-watson-rosamund/> → crm:P14i_performed → crm:E7_Activity → crm:P2_has_type → <wikidata:Q491> → crm:P14_carried_out_by → <y90s:sharp-william/>`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	In some cases, each person’s contribution to the relationship activity may be qualified through roles. The Yellow Nineties Personography dataset declares that Rosamund Marriott Watson and Andrew Lang shared a mentorship relationship wherein Marriott Watson was the mentee and Lang was the mentor. `<y90s:marriott-watson-rosamund/> → crm:P02i_is_range_of → crm:PC14_carried_out_by → crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of → <persrel:mentor> → crm:P01_has_domain → crm:E7_Activity → crm:P2_has_type → <persrel:mentorship> → crm:P01i_is_domain_of → crm:PC14_carried_out_by → crm:P14.1_in_the_role_of → <persrel:mentee> → crm:P02_has_range → <y90s:lang-andrew/>`
Resource Links		Brown, S., Cummings, J., Drudge-Wilson, J., Faulkner, C., Lemak, A., Martin, K., Mo, A., Penancier, J., Simpson, J., Singh, G., Stacey, D., & Warren, R. (2020, July 14). The CWRC Ontology Specification 0.99.86. The Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory. https://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc.html#
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		When using E7_Activity and not a more specific subclass, use at least one (1) E55_Type on each activity specifying what it is.
Projects Following This Pattern		Orlando, Yellow Nineties Personography

Pattern in TTL:

<person1> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person1>" ; 
    crm:P14i_performed <relationship_activity> .

<relationship_activity> a crm:E7_Activity ;
    rdfs:label "<type> relationship between <person1> and <person2>" ;
    crm:P2_has_type <type> ; 
    crm:P14_carried_out_by <person2> .

<type> a crm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "<type>"

<person2> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person2>" .

Marriage

Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group. For this pattern, see Group Membership below.

The Yellow Nineties Personography dataset does not follow this pattern, but instead uses the Relationships pattern (above) to represent marriages.

Identities

For broader context regarding assertions and the attribute assignment pattern, see the Assertions and Attribution Assignment section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

The Cultural Forms pattern, developed by the Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory for the Orlando Project and other biographical data about persons, is for representing that statements about an actor’s identity have been made without implying anything further about the accuracy of those claims: this pattern is used to state that, for example, a biographer has described Louisa May Alcott as a woman, without stating wither Louisa May Alcott is a woman or not. This pattern recognizes that categorization is endemic to social experience and necessary to knowledge organization, but that social identities in particular are historically and geographically situated, frequently contested and shifting, constructed through discursive and social practices. It can be used to represent identities adopted by persons themselves, or identities attributed to them by others. Multiple attribute assignments can assist in representing intersectional identities. This pattern can be built upon to assert who made the attribution and when. See the Assertions and Attribute Assignment section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a person has had an attribute about their identity associated with them.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`crm:E21_Person → crm:P140i_was_attributed_by → crm:E13_Attribute_Assignment → crm:P2_has_type → crm` `context:CulturalFormContext` `→ crm:P141_assigned → crm:E7_Activity → crm:P2_has_type → crmevent:CulturalFormEvent → crm:P16_used_specific_object →` `crm:E89_Propositional_Object, crm:E55_Type [identity:CulturalForm]`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS; likely LINCS Identity vocabulary, Homosaurus, or other nuanced vocabulary for identities
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Orlando dataset states that Rosamund Marriort Watson was attributed with having a gender of woman. `cwrc_data:9e381429-5019-48dd-88fd-79e8b3f4825f → crm:P140i_was_attributed_by → crm:E13_Attribute_Assignment → crm:P2_has_type → <context:GenderContext> → crm:P141_assigned → crm:E7_Activity → crm:P2_has_type → <event:GenderEvent> → crm:P16_used_specific_object → <identity:woman>`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	N/A
Resource Links		Billey, A., Cifor, M., Kronk, C., Noland, C., Rawson, K.J., van der Wel, J., Watson, B. M., & Colbert, J. L. (2020, December). Homosaurus v. 2.2. The Homosaurus Editorial Board. https://homosaurus.org/v2 Brown, S., Cummings, J., Drudge-Wilson, J., Faulkner, C., Lemak, A., Martin, K., Mo, A., Penancier, J., Simpson, J., Singh, G., Stacey, D., & Warren, R. (2020, July 14). “Preamble: Cultural Formations.” The CWRC Ontology Specification 0.99.86. The Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory. https://sparql.cwrc.ca/ontologies/cwrc-preamble-EN.html#culturalformationsontology
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		Because of the origins of this concept in the CWRC Orlando project, the majority of cases will reference CWRC vocabularies for all three elements: Cultural Form Context, Cultural Form Event, and Cultural Form Label. There may be some use of other vocabularies such as Homosaurus for the Cultural Form Label, but the use of CWRC vocabularies to describe the E13_Attribute_Assignment and E7_Activitiy entities remains. Brown, S., “Categorically Provisional.” PMLA, vol. 135, no. 1, 2020, pp. 165-174. Brown, S., Faulkner, C., Lemak, A., Martin, K., Warren, R. “Cultural (Re-)formations: Structuring a Linked Data Ontology for Intersectional Identities.” Digital Humanities 2017 Conference Abstracts. https://dh2017.adho.org/abstracts/580/580.pdf
Projects Following This Pattern		Canadian Centre for Ethnomusicology, Orlando, Yellow Nineties Personography

Pattern in TTL:

<person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person>" ;
    crm:P140i_was_attributed_by <identity_assignment> .

<identity_assignment> a crm:E13_Attribute_Assignment ; 
    rdfs:label "<person> - Cultural Form Context - Assigning" ;
    crm:P2_has_type <context:CulturalFormContext> ;        
    crm:P141_assigned <identity_assertion> .

<context:CulturalFormContext> a crm:E55_Type ;
    rdfs:label "cultural form context" .

<identity_assertion> a crm:E7_Activity ;
    rdfs:label "<person> - Cultural Form Label - Connecting" ; 
    crm:P2_has_type <event:CulturalFormEvent> ;  
    crm:P16_used_specific_object <identity:CulturalForm> .

<event:CulturalFormEvent> a crm:E55_Type ; 
    rdfs:label "cultural form event" .

<identity:CulturalForm> a crm:E89_Propositional_Object ;
    rdfs:label "cultural form label" .

Groups

Group Membership

Application profile group membership

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a person is a member of a group.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`crm:E21_Person → crm:P107i_is_current_or_former_member_of → crm:E74_Group`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The Yellow Nineties Personography states that Patrick Geddes is a member of the British Sociological Society. `<y90s:geddes-patrick/> → crm:P107i_is_member_of → <lincs:lfEWkpvhuK6>`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group.
Resource Links		N/A
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		Use at least one (1) E55_Type on each group specifying what it is.
Projects Following This Pattern		Orlando, Yellow Nineties Personography

Pattern in TTL:

<person> a crm:E21_Person ; 
    rdfs:label "<person>" ; 
    crm:P107i_is_current_or_former_member_of <group> .

<group> a crm:E74_Group ;
    rdfs:label "<group>" .

Formation

For adding temporal information, such as the date of the group formation, see the Time-Spans of Activities section of the Basic Patterns Application Profile.

Application profile formation

Pattern/Structure Values	Definition	This pattern declares that a group was formed.
Pattern/Structure Values	Abstraction	`crm:E74_Group → crm:P95i_was_formed_by → crm:E66_Formation`
Content Values	Type of Value	Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
	Expected Value	URI from project dataset, existing linked data authority, or minted by LINCS
	Format/Requirements for the Value	URI (preferably dereferenceable)
Case Examples	Typical Example & Abstraction	The AdArchive dataset states that the Women’s Caucus for Art (wikidata:Q8030842) is a group that was formed. `<wikidata:Q8030842> → crm:P95i_was_formed_by → <lincs:HKa2CAjHuYd>`
Case Examples	Edge Case Example & Abstraction	N/A
Resource Links		N/A
Discussion Elements Pertaining to This Pattern		N/A
Projects Following This Pattern		AdArchive

Pattern in TTL:

<group> a crm:E74_Group ;
    rdfs:label "<group>" ;
    crm:P95i_was_formed_by <group_formation> .

<group_formation> a crm:E66_Formation ;
    rdfs:label "Formation of <group>" .

Purpose​

Acronyms​

Main Classes​

Overview Diagram​

Nodes​

Actors​

Names​

Contact Points​

Activities​

Persons​

Birth​

Death​

Cause of Death​

Activities​

Educational Activities​

Professional Activities and Occupations​

Relationships​

Parents & Children​

Mother​

Father​

Parent-Child Shortcut​

Interpersonal Relationships​

Marriage​

Identities​

Groups​

Group Membership​

Formation​

Purpose

Acronyms

Main Classes

Overview Diagram

Nodes

Actors

Names

Contact Points

Activities

Persons

Birth

Death

Cause of Death

Activities

Educational Activities

Professional Activities and Occupations

Relationships

Parents & Children

Mother

Father

Parent-Child Shortcut

Interpersonal Relationships

Marriage

Identities

Groups

Group Membership

Formation